4–5.
"[15] Citing the aforementioned report of Ibn Hanbal's devotion towards the Prophet's hair, al-Dhahabī then goes onto staunchly criticize whoever finds fault with the practices of tabarruk or seeking blessings from holy relics, saying: "Where is the quibbling critic of Imām Ahmad now? ( Log Out / [34] During his lifetime he was acknowledged by the people as a jurist of the highest calibre. In Egypt, he was on good terms with the governor and during the five years he lived there, he devoted his time to teaching and dictating his works to his students until his death. Having studied fiqh and hadith under many teachers during his youth,[10] Ibn Hanbal became famous in his later life for the crucial role he played in the Mihna, the inquisition instituted by the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun towards the end of his reign, in which the ruler gave official state support to the Muʿtazilite dogma of the Quran being created, a view that contradicted the orthodox doctrine of the Quran being the eternal, uncreated Word of God. [18][19][20] Ash-Shaf'i was a student of Malik ibn Anas,[21][22]:121 who in turn was a student of the Shi'ite Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad), as with Abu Hanifah.
He was never fed nor cared for.
Indeed, several accounts of Ibn Hanbal's life relate that he often carried "a purse ... in his sleeve containing ... hairs from the Prophet.
Although he was already qualified to practice law, Muhammad bin Idris desired to further his knowledge under the leading scholar of hijaaz at that time, Imaam Maalik bin Anas. Abū Ḥanīfah was born in the city of Kufa in Iraq, during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.His father, Thabit bin Zuta, a trader from Kabul (modern-day Afghanistan), was 40 years old at the time of Abu Hanifa's birth.. His grandfather Zuta is said to have been brought as a slave from Kabul and transported to Kufa, where Abu Hanifa was born. Holtzman, Livnat, “Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. [6] To begin with, Ibn Hanbal asserted that God was both Unique and Absolute and absolutely incomparable to anything in the world of His creatures. Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni Fiqh are connected to Ja'far from the Bayt (Household) of Muhammad, whether directly or indirectly. "[12], In the modern era, Ibn Hanbal's name has become controversial in certain quarters of the Islamic world, because the Hanbali reform movement known as Wahhabism has cited him as a principal influence along with the thirteenth-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyyah. [25], Ibn Hanbal passed away on Friday, 12 Rabi-ul-awwal, 241 AH/ 2 August, 855 at the age of 74-75 in Baghdad, Iraq. And Imam Shafi’i considered that in all other cases the Sacred Law negates paternalistic rights, and therefore she is likewise in this case not his ‘daughter’ according to the Law. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad's personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abū Ḥanīfah was 20 years old. "[8] It has been pointed out that this particular creed "explicitly opposes the use of personal judgement (raʾy) ... [as basis] of jurisprudence. However, this caused upheaval in Baghdad and al-Mu'tasim was forced to release ibn Hanbal. [11] It is, in fact, reported that Ibn Hanbal explicitly identified Maruf Karkhi as one of the abdal, saying: "He is one of the Substitute-Saints, and his supplication is answered. Then, he returned to Mecca, where he was well received and began lecturing at the Haram. [32], Abu Hanifa ranks as one of the greatest jurists of Islamic civilization and one of the major legal philosophers of the entire human community. Imām Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi listed 97 hadith scholars who were his students. [11] The fourteenth-century hadith master al-Dhahabi referred to Ibn Hanbal as "the true Shaykh of Islām and leader of the Muslims in his time, the ḥadīth master and Proof of the Religion.
"[46] Moreover, there are accounts of Ibn Hanbal's son, Sālih, being exhorted by his father to go and study under the Sufis.
Biography of Imam Shafi (ra) Imaam's Family Lineage (Father's Side): Muhammad bin Idriss bin al-Abbas bin Usman bin Shafi' ibn al-Sa'ib bin Ubaid bin 'Abd Yazid bin Haashim bin al-Muttalib bin 'Abd Manaaf bin Qusayy bin Kilaab bin Murrah. [43], In one hadith, Abu Hanifah once said about Imam Ja'far: "I have not seen anyone with more knowledge than Ja'far ibn Muhammad. Livnat Holtzman, "Human choice, divine guidance and the fiṭra tradition. [50] For example, Ibn Hanbal's own body was traditionally held to have been blessed with the miracle of incorruptibility, with Ibn al-Jawzi relating: "When the Prophet's descendant Abū Ja'far ibn Abī Mūsā was buried next to him, Ahmad ibn Hanbal's tomb was exposed. "[43] Of the same Sufi, Ibn Hanbal later asked rhetorically: "Is religious knowledge anything else than what Maruf has achieved? [6], A highly influential and active scholar during his lifetime,[6] Ibn Hanbal went on to become "one of the most venerated" intellectual figures in Islamic history,[7] who has had a "profound influence affecting almost every area of" the traditionalist (literalism-oriented) perspective within Sunni Islam. Al Shafi’i, Risala Fi Usul Al Fiqh, trans (Eng. "If I am lying," Abū Ḥanīfah said, "then my statement is doubly correct. [14] In this connection, scholars have cited Ibn Hanbal's own support for the use of relics as simply one of several important points upon which the theologian's opinions diverged from those of Wahhabism. "[60] As such, when Ibn Hanbal's student Ishāq ibn Bahlūl al-Anbārī had "compiled a book on juridicial differences ... which he had named The Core of Divergence (Lubāb al-Ikhtilāf)," Ibn Hanbal advised him to name the work The Book of Leeway (Kitāb al-Sa'a) instead.[61]. [6] By "Quran," Ibn Hanbal understood "not just an abstract idea but the Quran with its letters, words, expressions, and ideas—the Quran in all its living reality, whose nature in itself," according to Ibn Hanbal, eluded human comprehension. Karaite Anthology: Excerpts from the Early Literature. ( Log Out / His juristic views were not always accepted. Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit b. Zūṭā b. Marzubān (Arabic: أبو حنيفة نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان; c. 699 – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims,[5] was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin,[6] who became the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, which has remained the most widely practiced law school in the Sunni tradition,[6] predominates in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Persia (until the 16th century), Balkans, Russia, Chechnya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Muslims in India, Turkey, and some parts of the Arab world. Throughout Sunni Islamic history, Ibn Hanbal was venerated as an exemplary figure in all the traditional schools of Sunni thought,[6] both by the exoteric ulema and by the mystics, with the latter often designating him as a saint in their hagiographies. Al-Ma'mun wanted to assert the religious authority of the Caliph by pressuring scholars to adopt the Mu'tazila view that the Qur'an was created rather than uncreated. "[11] Furthermore, Ibn al-Jawzi relates a tradition narrated by Ibn Hanbal's son Abdullah, who recalled his father's devotion towards relics thus: "I saw my father take one of the Prophet's hairs, place it over his mouth, and kiss it. Imaam Shafi’i’s full name is Muhammad bin Idris bin Abbaas bin Uthman bin Shafi’i. [59] According to later notable scholars of the Hanbali school like Ibn Aqil and Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Hanbal "considered every madhhab correct and abhorred that a jurist insist people follow his even if he considered them wrong and even if the truth is one in any given matter. [22] In 1533, Ottomans conquered Baghdad and rebuilt the tomb of Abū Ḥanīfah and other Sunni sites. [25], His most famous student was Imām Abu Yusuf, who served as the first chief justice in the Muslim world. His lineage goes back to the tribe of Banu Hashim ibn Muttalib from the tribe of Quraish in Mecca which is from the descendent of Ismael, son of Ibrahim (peace be with them) [Manaqib, p3]. ( Log Out / Muhammad Ziyaad R. Bismillah. [36], His tomb, surmounted by a dome erected by admirers in 1066 is still a shrine for pilgrims. [6] Abu Hanifa's theological school is claimed to be what would later develop into the Maturidi school of Sunni theology.[6]. '"[42] Furthermore, it is in Ibn Hanbal's Musnad that we find most of the hadith reports concerning the abdal, forty major saints "whose number [according to Islamic mystical doctrine] would remain constant, one always being replaced by some other on his death" and whose key role in the traditional Sufi conception of the celestial hierarchy would be detailed by later mystics such as Hujwiri and Ibn Arabi. [18][19][20] Unlike the other three schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Hanafi, Maliki, and Shafi), the Hanbali madhab remained largely traditionalist or Athari in theology. [47] Hujwiri, for example, wrote of him: "He was distinguished by devoutness and piety ... Sufis of all orders regard him as blessed. I may have seen him place it over his eyes, and dip it in water and then drink the water for a cure. It is said that he memorized the Quran at the age of seven, the muwatta at the age of ten and he was declared fit to give fatawa at the age of fifteen. He also debated with Muhammad Al Shaybani. He counted them as sixteen, including Anas ibn Malik, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah and Sahl ibn Sa'd. Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Marwazī, Binyamin Abrahamov, "The bi-lā kayfa doctrine and its foundations in Islamic theology,", Michael Cooperson, "Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal and Bishr al-Ḥāfī. Most of them were famous hadith scholars and their narrated hadiths were compiled in the Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other famous books of hadith.
[30], Abū Ḥanīfah was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the first generation of Muslims, some of whom lived on until Abū Ḥanīfah's youth. He had a firm belief in the principles of religion, and his creed was approved by all the [theologians]. The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. It was only after al-Wathiq's death and the ascent of his brother al-Mutawakkil, who was much friendlier to the more traditional Sunni beliefs, that ibn Hanbal was welcomed back to Baghdad. [33] It was given a restoration in 1535 by Suleiman the Magnificent upon the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad.
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