A Encyclopedia.com. The country had never been in greater peril in its long wars with France for without its navy it was virtually defenceless.
Methods of electoral analysis . [3], Richard Parker about to be hanged for mutiny (image from the Newgate Calendar). The mutiny at Spithead (an anchorage near Portsmouth) lasted from 16 April – 15 May 1797. Manwaring, G.E. [19], On 27 December, the crew of Marie Antoinette murdered their officers and took their ship into a French port in the West Indies.[19]. Leading Sailors, Conditions The (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 16 Balance, The
On 26 April a supportive mutiny broke out on 15 ships in Plymouth, who sent delegates to Spithead to take part in negotiations. The outbreak in April 1797 of mutiny in Britain's Channel fleet based at Spithead, outside Portsmouth, triggered off a wave of disaffection in the Royal Navy that ranked as perhaps the most serious crisis of an annus horribilis for the British Government and William Pitt, engaged as they were in the middle of all-out war against Revolutionary France.
They were the first in an increasing series of significant outbreaks of maritime radicalism in the Atlantic World.
Seamen's pay rates had been established in 1658, and becau [22], Council of Delegates at Spithead "From the Delegates to the Admiralty" in, Earl Spencer "Spencer's Diary, 18 April 1797" in, Earl Spencer "Spencer's Diary, 21 April 1797" in, Richard Parker, "The Dying Declaration of the late unfortunate Richard Parker, written two days previous to his execution, in a letter to a person he had known from his earliest infancy" in, "Connections Between Mutinies in European Navies", "Research guide B8: The Spithead and Nore mutinies of 1797", "Royal Navy Mutinies at the Nore and Spithead: Demands made by Mutineers", Research guide B8: The Spithead and Nore mutinies of 1797, https://www.americanantiquarian.org/thomasballads/items/show/148, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spithead_and_Nore_mutinies&oldid=981307803, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 October 2020, at 14:42. [6] After the successful resolution of the Spithead mutiny, the government and the Admiralty were not minded to make further concessions, particularly as they felt some leaders of the Nore mutiny had political aims beyond improving pay and living conditions. The Royal Navy had not made adjustments for any of these changes, and was slow to understand their effects on its crews. Sailors on 16 ships in the Channel Fleet, commanded by Admiral Lord Bridport, protested against the living conditions aboard Royal Navy vessels and demanded a pay rise. "Wooden Walls" showed signs of cracking In recent years, pay raises had also been granted to the army, militia, and naval officers. The mutineers expanded their initial grievances[further explanation needed] and blockaded London,[12] preventing merchant vessels from entering the port, and the principals made plans to sail their ships to France, alienating the regular English sailors and losing more and more ships as the mutiny progressed.
The mutineers had been unable to organise easily because the ships were scattered along the Nore (and were not all part of a unified fleet, as at Spithead), but they quickly elected delegates for each ship.[4].
It spread to the Nore on the 12 th May and lasted there until the 13 June. According to him, he was nominated and elected without his knowledge. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In the reprisals which followed, a total of 29 leaders were hanged, while others were sentenced to flogging, imprisonment or transportation to Australia. Rumours during the time placed Valentine Joyce as the mastermind. The Delegates in Council, or beggars on horseback, a contemporaneous caricature. New York: People of the American Civil War by state, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën (1909)#Mutiny in the Indies, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=46B0FDDA47213A9530CDAEFBC0F27563.inst3_1a?a=o&d=117034782, http://www.napoleonguide.com/navy-nore-articles.htm, http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Nore_mutiny::sub::The_Nore, http://books.google.com/books?id=Tx68AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA253&dq=The+naval+mutinies+of+1797&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eajOT_6ODsOxgwezrtS6CQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20naval%20mutinies%20of%201797&f=false, Research guide B8: The Spithead and Nore mutinies of 1797, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Spithead_and_Nore_mutinies?oldid=4544300, "The Floating Republic – An account of the Mutinies at Spithead and The Nore in 1797", by G.E.
The mutinies were extremely concerning for Britain, because at the time the country was at war with Revolutionary France, and the Navy was the most significant component of the war effort. [3] On 26 April a supportive mutiny broke out on 15 ships in Plymouth, who sent delegates to Spithead to take part in negotiations.[4]. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The mutineers were led by elected delegates and tried to negotiate with the Admiralty for two weeks, focusing their demands on better pay, the abolition of the 14-ounce "purser's pound" (the ship's purser was allowed to keep two ounces of every true pound—16 ounces—of meat as a perquisite), and the removal of a handful of unpopular officers; neither flogging nor impressment was mentioned in the mutineers' demands. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. second, more serious mutiny occurred at the
One such was surgeon's mate William Redfern who became a respected surgeon and landowner in New South Wales. The Fleet Review is a British tradition that usually takes place at Spithead, where the monarch reviews the massed Royal Navy. The mutiny at Spithead lasted from 16 April to 15 May 1797.
1 Oct. 2020
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale ) is a common meadow herb of the Asteraceae or sunflower family. "Spithead naval mutiny
Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Seamen's pay rates had been established in 1658, and because of the stability of wages and prices, they were still reasonable as recently as the 1756–1763 Seven Years' War; however, high inflation during the last decades of the 18th century had th… at Spithead, Mutiny Because of mistrust, especially over pardons for the mutineers, the negotiations broke down, and minor incidents broke out, with several unpopular officers sent to shore and others treated with signs of deliberate disrespect. Inspired by the example of their comrades at Spithead, the sailors at the Nore (an anchorage in the Thames Estuary) also mutinied, on 12 May 1797, when the crew of Sandwich seized control of the ship. Finally, the new wartime quota system meant that crews had many landsmen from inshore who did not mix well with the career seamen, leading to discontented ships' companies. At the same time, the practice of coppering the submerged part of hulls, which had started in 1761, meant that British warships no longer had to return to port frequently to have their hulls scraped, and the additional time at sea significantly altered the rhythm and difficulty of seamen's work. situation was calmed and Admiral Lord Howe negotiated [8], On 27 December, the crew of Marie Antoinette murdered their officers and took their ship into a French port in the West Indies.[9]. Cannon Ranges, Royal The mutiny at Spithead (an anchorage near Portsmouth) lasted from 16 April to 15 May 1797.
conditions led to the Channel Fleet's refusal to sail. The outbreak in April 1797 of mutiny in Britain's Channel fleet based at Spithead, outside Portsmouth, triggered off a wave of disaffection in the Royal Navy that ranked as perhaps the most serious crisis of an annus horribilis for the British Government and William Pitt, engaged as they were in the middle of all-out war against Revolutionary France. Source for information on Spithead naval mutiny: The Oxford Companion to British History dictionary. In the years following Spithead and the Nore, there was a significant increase in mutinies among European navies and merchant companies, approximately 50%. In the Operetta "H.M.S Pinafore" By Gilbert and Sullivan, the character "Buttercup" is referred to as "The rosiest, roundest, and reddest beauty in all Spithead", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Spithead Hampshire at A Vision of Britain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spithead&oldid=978512734, Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 September 2020, at 10:39.
The mutineers expanded their initial grievances into the beginnings of a social revolution and blockaded London,[5] preventing merchant vessels from entering the port, and the principals made plans to sail their ships to France, alienating the regular English sailors and losing more and more ships as the mutiny progressed. [3] At the same time, the practice of coppering the submerged part of hulls, which had started in 1761, meant that British warships no longer had to return to port frequently to have their hulls scraped, and the additional time at sea significantly altered the rhythm and difficulty of seamen's work. Inspired by the example of their comrades at Spithead, the sailors at the Nore (an anchorage in the Thames Estuary) also mutinied, beginning on 12 May, when the crew of Sandwich seized control of the ship.
Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. [1] Despite their temporal proximity, the mutinies differed in character. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).
It is also the location where HMS Royal George sank in 1782 with the loss of more than 800 lives. If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in.
together with a pay rise and better living conditions.
Spithead Edit. The Spithead mutiny, occurred in 1797, in the Royal Navy fleet at anchor at Spithead. The mutiny at Spithead (an anchorage near Portsmouth) lasted from 16 April – 15 May 1797.
In the middle of the Revolutionary Wars, British sailors mounted a large-scale mutiny on 15 April 1797. tried to deal with the Admiralty, but talks broke Buy Online Access Buy Print & Archive Subscription. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The range of electoral studies
Parker was quickly convicted of treason and piracy and hanged from the yardarm of Sandwich, the vessel where the mutiny had started.
As a direct result of the mutinies at Spithead and The Nore, many of the worst abuses prevalent in the Royal Navy up until this time, such as bad food, brutal discipline, and the withholding of pay, were remedied. Other mutinies took place off the coast of Ireland and at the Cape of Good Hope and spread to the fleet under Admiral Jervis off the coast of Spain.
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